People often think of medical tests as definitive - the stress test shows that either you have blockages in the arteries in your heart or you don’t - but it usually is not so clear. An artifact, in this context, is anything that can keep the test from being interpreted correctly.What does artifact mean on a stress test? 6 What is the meaning of ‘diaphragmatic attenuation’?.1 What does artifact mean on a stress test?.Many of the textiles produced under imperial supervision were standardized and their designs had symbolic meanings related to prestige, cosmology and ethnic identity. Spanish chronicles related that the use of tocapu motifs and vicuña fiber was strictly limited by government regulations. Clothing was emblematic of social status and political rank the Sapa Inca and his kin wore special tunics decorated with rows of distinctive geometric designs known as tocapu or made of special materials, such as vicuña wool. The finest weavings (cumbi), were usually produced from alpaca wool and cotton by The Chosen Women (aclla) and other specialized weavers. The Sapa Inca presented textiles as gifts to outstanding officials, successful generals, allies and the leaders of newly conquered groups as part of his imperial political strategy. Because of their great value, textiles were frequently used as offerings to the golds and the ancestors. Cradleboarding produces a characteristic flattening of the back of the skull that persists into adulthood.įor the Incas, textiles were the world’s most precious items, more valuable than gold or silver. Sometimes cranial deformation happens unintentionally, typically when infants are strapped to cradleboards or sleep in a habitual position on a hard surface. Because infant skull bones are thin and flexible, reshaping their heads is relatively simple and poses no risk to the brain. Particular head shapes may have been seen as aesthetically attractive as well, as in some modern cultures such as the Shipibo of the Amazon basin, who flatter their infants’ foreheads. The Spanish believed the Inca imposed the custom to make their subjects more docile, but more likely it was a market of ethnicity and group membership. Early Spanish chroniclers noted the practice and laws were passed in Peru in 1585, and again in 1752, banning it. Intentional modification of the shape of the head, widespread in ancient South America, was achieved by tightly wrapping the heads of infants with cloth bands, sometimes in conjunction with cloth pads or rigid boards. A broad selection of these materials are exhibited here for the first time since Bingham’s excavations. Other objects that were lost or discarded in the main architectural complex shed light on the activities of the elite. Thanks to the Inca custom of burying individuals with their personal possessions, the objects recovered by the 1912 Expedition from the cave burials of the retainers provide us with a vision of the identity and daily lives of these women, men, and children. They devoted their days to mundane activities - cooking, brewing corn beer, cleaning, weaving, and producing metal objects - while the elite dedicated their time to feasting, hunting, and religious worship. The palace royalty were members of the Inca ethnic group from the Cusco Valley but the artisans and household servants belonged to many other ethnic groups and came from throughout Tahuantinsuyo. The royal estate of Machu Picchu in its heyday held a thriving community of up to six hundred inhabitants during the dry seasons (May to September).
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